\u00c7AY B\u0130TK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
Camellia sinensis<\/p>\n
\u00c7ay bitkisi \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerin kapal\u0131 tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n iki \u00e7enekli s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n serbest ta\u00e7 yaprakl\u0131 alt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan Parietales tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Theaceae familyas\u0131n\u0131n Camellia cinsindendir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel tedbirler (bak\u0131m, budama) uygulanmamas\u0131 halinde bir a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fc alabilmektedir. \u00c7ay bitkisi \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bitkidir. Ekonomik verim ya\u015f\u0131\u00a0 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r, 100 y\u0131l ya\u015fabilmektedir. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ogust Kunntz ismindeki botanik\u00e7i \u00e7ay\u0131\u00a0 Camellia sinensis olarak isimlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bitkisel \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Bir as\u0131rl\u0131k bir \u00f6mre sahip bulunan \u00e7ay bitkisi do\u011fada b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zaman bir a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f itibar\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm arz eden bitki yap\u0131s\u0131 tek g\u00f6vde halinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ok g\u00f6vdeli olanlarda vard\u0131r. Yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmeyen her dem ye\u015fil olan bir bitkidir. Yaz ve k\u0131\u015f yapra\u011fa sahiptir. Yeterli d\u00fczeyde s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nemin bulundu\u011fu yerlerde, \u00f6rne\u011fin\u00a0 G\u00fcney Hindistan, Sri Lanka, Cava, Sumatra\u00a0 ve Kenya\u2019 da\u00a0 y\u0131l boyu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olu\u015fumu s\u00fcrer. Y\u0131l\u0131n mevsimleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ayr\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde, \u00f6rne\u011fin Kuzey ve Kuzey do\u011fu Hindistan\u2018da\u00a0 Kuzey do\u011fu \u00c7in ve Japonya\u2018da G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kimi serin b\u00f6lgelerinde, Kom\u015fumuz G\u00fcrcistan ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n\u00a0 Hazar denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ay bitkisinde s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kesintili \u015fekilde olu\u015fur. Y\u0131l boyu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olu\u015fumuna uygun olmayan yerlerde, so\u011fuk mevsimde s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olu\u015fumu duraklar,\u00a0 yaprak ve tomurcuklarda geli\u015fme olmaz. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u00e7ay bitkisi so\u011fuk d\u00f6nemlerde dinlenme (dormansi) d\u00f6nemine girer.<\/p>\n
\u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00dclkemizde A\u011fustos ba\u015f\u0131nda tam te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f yapraklar\u0131n koltuklar\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir sap\u0131n ucunda tomurcuk belirmeye ba\u015flar. A\u011fustos sonunda veya Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015f\u0131nda bu tomurcuk daha da geli\u015ferek sap\u0131 uzar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve beyaz ve g\u00f6steri\u015fli \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri olu\u015fur. Tam te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f bir \u00e7i\u00e7ekte 5-7 adet \u00e7anak yaprak ile 5-7adet ta\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 bulunur. \u00c7i\u00e7ek aksam\u0131 helezonidir. Erkek organlar 5 veya daha \u00e7ok say\u0131dad\u0131rlar. Di\u015fi organ bir tane olup \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7al\u0131 bir tablo olu\u015fturur. Ta\u00e7 yapraklar d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra \u00e7i\u00e7ek sap\u0131n\u0131n ucunda tepeli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru meyvecikleri her zaman g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunlar bahara girince \u015fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flar ve eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda parlak ye\u015fil bir renk al\u0131r. Ekim ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde olgunla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan meyveler kirli ye\u015fil veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 bir renk al\u0131rlar, u\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yar\u0131larak tohumlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Meyve Meyveler \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve kal\u0131n cidarl\u0131d\u0131rlar, meyve i\u00e7inde 3-6 adet aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen tohum bulunur. Normal olarak \u00fc\u00e7 tohum olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekirken yumurtal\u0131ktaki par\u00e7alar\u0131n dumura u\u011framas\u0131 nedeni ile tohum adedi azalmaktad\u0131r. Bazen bir g\u00f6zde birbirinden ayr\u0131 birer taraflar\u0131 yass\u0131 tohumlarda bulunur. Olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f meyveler ye\u015fil olgunla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra meyveler kahverengi f\u0131nd\u0131k irili\u011finde normal olarak 12mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndad\u0131r. Tohumlar\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde 20-30 nispetinde ya\u011f bulunur bu ya\u011fda saponin maddesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim \u0130stekleri\u00c7ay bitkisi so\u011fuktan ve dondan ho\u015flanmaz r\u00fczgar\u0131 sevmez. Is\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r derecenin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve 40 derecenin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 ve y\u0131ll\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 14 derecenin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0 yerler \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. \u00c7ay bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f isteyen bir bitki olup, geli\u015fme d\u00f6neminde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 1200 mm in \u00fcst\u00fcnde olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n yava\u015f ve s\u00fcrekli olmas\u0131 arzu edilir.\u00a0 Bol ya\u011fmur gibi nemde \u00e7ay bitkisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tazelik ve k\u00f6rpeli\u011fini koruyabilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek neme ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Nem, kalite olu\u015fumunda rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi de te\u015fvik etmektedir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k nispi nem ortalamas\u0131 %70 in \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131\u00a0 istenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Toprak Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7ay bitkisi kumdan, kile de\u011fin de\u011fi\u015fik yap\u0131daki asit tepkimeli (ph 5,5\u20136) toprakta yeti\u015febilir. Ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi iyi olan derin ve bitki besin maddelerince zengin topraklarda iyi geli\u015fir. A\u011f\u0131r, killi, ge\u00e7irimsiz taban suyu y\u00fcksek yerlerde geli\u015fmez.<\/p>\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7AY B\u0130TK\u0130S\u0130 Camellia sinensis \u00c7ay bitkisi \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerin kapal\u0131 tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n iki \u00e7enekli s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n serbest ta\u00e7 yaprakl\u0131 alt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":641,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/527"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=527"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":943,"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/527\/revisions\/943"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caycilar.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}